Category: US30

  • Dow Jones Set To Extend Rally – Wednesday, 26 November

    US stock futures indicate a positive opening for the Dow Jones, mirroring gains seen across major indexes. Rising expectations for a December Fed rate cut, fueled by soft economic indicators and supportive statements from Fed officials, are boosting investor confidence. The potential appointment of Kevin Hassett as Fed chair, seen as aligned with President Trump’s lower rates agenda, is further contributing to the positive sentiment.

    • US stock futures edged higher.
    • Expectations for a December Fed rate cut have continued to climb.
    • Kevin Hassett is reportedly the leading contender for the next Fed chair.

    The outlook for the Dow Jones appears optimistic in the short term, driven by anticipation of monetary easing and a potentially more dovish Federal Reserve leadership. These factors are creating a tailwind for the market, encouraging investors and potentially leading to further gains.

  • Asset Summary – Tuesday, 25 November

    Asset Summary – Tuesday, 25 November

    GBPUSD faces downward pressure due to a confluence of factors impacting the UK economy. The upcoming budget announcement is creating uncertainty as the Finance Minister grapples with meeting fiscal targets, potentially through tax increases that could stifle economic activity. Weakening economic data, including high borrowing levels, stalled business activity, declining retail sales, and poor consumer sentiment, further weigh on the pound. Compounding this, cooling inflation is fueling expectations of an imminent interest rate cut by the Bank of England, making the pound less attractive to investors seeking higher yields. These conditions suggest a potentially bearish outlook for GBPUSD.

    EURUSD is exhibiting downward pressure as the euro weakens against the dollar. This decline is influenced by a combination of factors, including dovish signals from a Federal Reserve official, which suggest possible US interest rate cuts and subsequently strengthen the dollar. Although Eurozone private-sector activity is showing moderate growth and the European Commission forecasts improved Eurozone growth in 2025, these positive developments are overshadowed by the potential for lower US interest rates. Additionally, speculation about a potential Ukraine peace plan involving territorial concessions and military scaling down might be contributing to market uncertainty and further weighing on the euro. These elements collectively suggest a bearish outlook for EURUSD in the short term.

    DOW JONES faces a mixed outlook amidst recent economic and corporate news. Weak retail sales figures and job losses suggest potential headwinds for the index, while rising producer inflation could further complicate the economic picture. The increasing probability of a Federal Reserve rate cut might offer some support, but this is balanced by concerns about specific companies’ performances, such as potential negative influence from tech stocks like Nvidia and AMD. Gains in other tech giants like Alphabet and Meta, alongside strong performance from companies like Kohl’s, could offset some of these concerns. The Dow’s direction will likely depend on which of these competing forces proves dominant.

    FTSE 100 is exhibiting positive momentum, fueled by anticipation of a forthcoming interest rate reduction by the Federal Reserve. This positive outlook is further reinforced by encouraging performance from banking stocks, which are rising following speculation that upcoming budget announcements will avoid additional taxes on the sector. Kingfisher’s upward revision of its earnings forecast is also contributing to the index’s gains. However, the positive trend is being tempered by underperformance in other areas. For example, Beazley is experiencing a decline attributed to lower-than-anticipated premium growth. Also, while easyJet is still seeing profits, the increase in higher ticket prices may not provide sustainable growth in the long-term. These factors indicate a mixed landscape for the FTSE 100, where overall gains are influenced by a combination of positive and negative company-specific news.

    GOLD is exhibiting a bullish trend, driven by mounting anticipation of a Federal Reserve interest rate cut in December. The weaker-than-expected US retail sales and a decline in private sector job growth have fueled speculation that the Fed will ease monetary policy. Comments from key Fed officials suggesting openness to a rate cut have further bolstered this sentiment. As markets increasingly price in a rate reduction, demand for gold as a safe-haven asset and a hedge against inflation is likely to increase, potentially pushing prices even higher. The lack of significant inflationary pressure, as indicated by producer price data, does not appear to be hindering gold’s upward trajectory.

  • Dow Futures Waver Amid Mixed Data – Tuesday, 25 November

    US stock futures, including those for the Dow Jones, showed a mixed performance on Tuesday, oscillating between slight gains and losses. This followed a positive trading day for the S&P 500 and Nasdaq. Investors are currently evaluating corporate announcements and digesting a combination of encouraging and concerning economic indicators.

    • US stock futures fluctuated between small gains and losses.
    • Investors are weighing corporate news.
    • Investors are digesting mixed economic data including disappointing retail sales, and a negative ADP employment report.

    The described environment presents uncertainty. The market’s reaction to the mix of positive and negative economic signals suggests a cautious approach from investors. The movements in tech stocks, both positive and negative, indicate specific company news are having a significant impact. Overall, the Dow Jones may experience continued volatility in the short term as the market grapples with these competing forces.

  • Asset Summary – Monday, 24 November

    Asset Summary – Monday, 24 November

    GBPUSD faces downward pressure as the UK’s economic outlook dims ahead of the upcoming budget. The Chancellor’s challenge to meet fiscal rules, coupled with potential cuts to growth forecasts and widening deficits, creates uncertainty. Weak economic data, including high borrowing, stagnant business activity, declining retail sales, and poor consumer sentiment, further weigh on the pound. Easing inflation, increasing the likelihood of a Bank of England rate cut in December, adds to the bearish sentiment surrounding the currency. The market’s anticipation of a rate cut suggests investors are positioning for a weaker pound.

    EURUSD experienced downward pressure, falling to a multi-week low, driven by a combination of factors. Dovish comments from a US Federal Reserve official increased anticipation of reduced US interest rates, making the dollar less attractive and impacting the pair. While Eurozone private-sector activity demonstrated healthy expansion, it was not enough to fully counter the rate expectations. Revised Eurozone growth forecasts, particularly those citing increased exports to the US, offer some underlying support for the euro. Furthermore, reports of potential progress towards a Ukraine peace plan, however unconfirmed, could reduce geopolitical risks, potentially influencing investment flows and the euro’s valuation.

    DOW JONES is poised for potential gains as indicated by the rise in Dow futures. This positive outlook is influenced by increasing expectations of a Federal Reserve interest rate cut, which typically boosts market sentiment and investment. Additionally, the possibility of Nvidia being allowed to export AI chips to China is contributing to the positive sentiment, as this could improve the financial performance of tech companies and, by extension, the overall market. The combination of these factors suggests a potentially favorable trading day for the Dow Jones.

    FTSE 100 experienced upward momentum, continuing a multi-day rally driven primarily by positive performances in the precious metal mining and banking sectors. Gains in Endeavour, Fresnillo, Standard Chartered, and Barclays, alongside other financial institutions, significantly contributed to the index’s rise. Mining stocks, excluding Anglo American, generally performed well, further bolstering the FTSE 100’s value. However, uncertainty surrounding Anglo American’s future, particularly in light of BHP’s withdrawn acquisition interest and the ongoing merger with Teck, negatively impacted its stock price, creating a drag on overall performance. The upcoming UK budget is also anticipated to be a factor influencing investor sentiment and potentially shaping future trading activity.

    GOLD is exhibiting upward price pressure as investors anticipate upcoming US economic reports that could influence the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy. The market’s increased anticipation of an interest rate cut in December, fueled by recent statements from Fed officials, is also supporting gold’s value. Furthermore, existing factors like trade tensions, geopolitical instability, consistent central bank purchases, and a strong desire among investors for a safe haven asset against fiscal uncertainties contribute to a positive long-term outlook, evidenced by the significant year-to-date gains.

  • Dow Jones Futures Rise Amid Rate Cut Hopes – Monday, 24 November

    US stock futures showed positive movement on Monday as Wall Street aimed to bounce back from a turbulent week. Market sentiment was buoyed by increasing expectations of a Federal Reserve rate cut and growing optimism regarding Nvidia’s potential export sales to China.

    • Dow futures rose 0.3%.

    This suggests a potentially positive opening for the Dow Jones, influenced by broader market optimism. The possibility of a near-term rate cut by the Federal Reserve and potential easing of export controls on key technology exports are factors driving investor confidence.

  • Asset Summary – Friday, 21 November

    Asset Summary – Friday, 21 November

    GBPUSD is likely to face downward pressure as UK inflation cools more than anticipated. The reduced inflation rate, particularly in services and core inflation, provides the Bank of England with more leeway to consider future interest rate cuts, diminishing the pound’s appeal to investors seeking higher yields. Concurrently, the upcoming UK budget announcement and potential fiscal easing measures may further weigh on the currency. The US dollar’s relative strength, driven by anticipation surrounding key employment data, also contributes to this bearish outlook for GBPUSD, as investors remain cautious ahead of the report.

    EURUSD is likely to face downward pressure as the dollar gains strength due to diminished expectations of a near-term Fed rate cut, while the ECB is anticipated to maintain its current monetary policy stance. The contrasting outlooks for monetary policy between the US and the Eurozone, coupled with positive Eurozone growth forecasts partially driven by US trade activity, creates a complex environment. While the improved Eurozone growth forecasts offer some support, the stronger dollar’s impact is expected to be the dominant factor, potentially leading to further declines in the EURUSD exchange rate.

    DOW JONES is positioned for a potential rebound, indicated by futures contracts gaining over 240 points, suggesting a recovery from recent losses. The positive sentiment is bolstered by signals from the Federal Reserve hinting at possible future rate cuts in response to a softening labor market, increasing the likelihood of a December rate cut. However, despite the potential for upward movement, the Dow remains down almost 3% for the week, reflecting broader market concerns.

    FTSE 100 experienced a decline, reaching a one-month low and on track for its most significant weekly drop since April, driven by concerns surrounding a potential AI-induced market bubble impacting UK and European equities. Cyclical and risk-sensitive stocks, including Rolls-Royce, Babcock, BAE Systems, BP, Shell, and major miners, faced considerable losses. The banking sector also weakened, with Standard Chartered, Barclays, Lloyds, and HSBC all declining, contributing to their overall poor performance this week. Energy stocks mirrored the struggles of softer Brent crude prices. Despite the widespread sell-off, the FTSE 100 exhibited relative resilience compared to its continental counterparts, buoyed by gains in defensive stocks like Unilever, RELX and Diageo, reflecting investors’ preference for companies with stable earnings.

    GOLD is facing downward pressure as stronger-than-expected jobs data diminishes the likelihood of an imminent interest rate cut by the Federal Reserve. The increase in nonfarm payrolls suggests a more resilient labor market than previously anticipated, reducing the urgency for the Fed to lower rates. While the unemployment rate ticked up, wage growth remains elevated, further complicating the Fed’s decision-making process. With the October employment report delayed, uncertainty will persist, likely keeping gold prices subdued in the near term as traders reassess their expectations for monetary policy.

  • Dow Jones Futures Rise After Thursday’s Losses – Friday, 21 November

    US stock futures showed signs of recovery on Friday after significant losses the previous day. Sentiment was boosted by comments from the NY Fed President suggesting potential future rate cuts.

    • Dow Jones futures were up more than 240 points.
    • The Dow has declined almost 3% so far this week.

    The uptick in Dow Jones futures suggests a potential rebound following a challenging week. The possibility of future interest rate cuts may be a factor contributing to renewed investor confidence. However, it’s important to consider that the overall trend for the week remains negative, indicating persistent underlying concerns.

  • Asset Summary – Thursday, 20 November

    Asset Summary – Thursday, 20 November

    GBPUSD is facing downward pressure as UK inflation cools more than anticipated. This weakens the pound because it suggests the Bank of England may soon consider cutting interest rates. The reduced inflation gives the UK government room to maneuver fiscally, but simultaneously diminishes the pound’s appeal to investors seeking higher yields. Simultaneously, the US dollar is holding steady as market participants are in anticipation of crucial employment data, so it will likely continue to exhibit resilience versus the pound in the short term. The combination of softened UK inflation and a supported US dollar creates a potentially bearish outlook for the GBPUSD pair.

    EURUSD is under pressure, primarily due to a strengthening US dollar driven by reduced expectations of a near-term interest rate cut by the Federal Reserve. This contrasts with the European Central Bank’s anticipated policy of holding interest rates steady through 2026, despite positive economic indicators such as stable inflation, growth, and low unemployment. While the European Commission has revised upward its Eurozone growth forecast for 2025, a potential slowdown in subsequent years could further weigh on the euro’s value against the dollar, especially if the Fed maintains a hawkish stance. The divergence in monetary policy expectations between the US and Europe, alongside growth trajectory concerns for the Eurozone, suggests a potentially bearish outlook for the currency pair.

    DOW JONES is poised for a potential upswing following positive movement in US stock futures. While the Nasdaq 100 and S&P 500 are expected to see larger gains driven by Nvidia’s strong performance and outlook, the Dow is also predicted to benefit, albeit to a lesser extent. The renewed confidence in artificial intelligence, indicated by the surge in Nvidia and other chipmakers’ stock prices, is likely contributing to the anticipated rise. Investor focus is also shifting to upcoming jobs data, which will play a key role in gauging the overall economic landscape.

    FTSE 100 experienced a positive trading day, rebounding from recent losses due to gains in oil and defensive stocks. Strong performance from Rolls-Royce, BAE Systems, BP, and Shell contributed to the upward momentum. Notably, Halma’s significant surge following raised guidance suggests positive underlying economic activity within its sector. However, the gains were tempered by declines in precious metal miners and specific companies like Vodafone and Diageo. JD Sports’ revised profit guidance also exerted downward pressure. Overall, positive market sentiment, influenced by Nvidia’s strong outlook, further bolstered the index, indicating a complex interplay of sector-specific performances and broader market trends.

    GOLD is facing downward pressure due to shifting expectations regarding Federal Reserve interest rate policy. The reduced likelihood of near-term rate cuts, fueled by divisions within the Fed regarding inflation and labor market health, is diminishing gold’s attractiveness. Furthermore, positive sentiment in equity markets is drawing investors away from gold’s traditional safe-haven status. The forthcoming jobs report adds another layer of uncertainty, potentially exacerbating the existing negative trend if it indicates stronger-than-expected employment figures. The delayed and altered release schedule of employment data further complicates assessment of the economic landscape and gold’s likely trajectory.

  • Dow Gains Amid Tech Optimism – Thursday, 20 November

    US stock futures saw positive movement on Thursday, spurred by Nvidia’s strong performance and positive outlook, which has rekindled investor confidence, particularly in the artificial intelligence sector. The tech-heavy Nasdaq 100 led the charge, followed by the S&P 500, with the Dow Jones also experiencing gains. Investors are also anticipating the upcoming September jobs report, which could offer insights into the strength of the labor market.

    • Dow futures rose 0.6%.
    • During Wednesday’s session, the Dow added 0.1%.

    The overall sentiment suggests a positive, albeit moderate, impact on the asset. The upward movement indicates renewed investor confidence, but it is more muted compared to the Nasdaq and S&P 500.

  • Asset Summary – Wednesday, 19 November

    Asset Summary – Wednesday, 19 November

    GBPUSD is likely to experience continued pressure as UK inflation cools, potentially leading to a weaker pound. The easing inflation gives the Bank of England room to consider interest rate cuts, which typically diminishes a currency’s appeal. While a lower inflation rate and potential for future cuts could hurt the pound, the US dollar’s strength, fueled by anticipation of the upcoming US jobs report, adds another layer of complexity. Investors are likely to remain cautious, leading to potential volatility in the GBPUSD pair as they weigh the implications of UK economic policy against the strength of the US economy.

    EURUSD finds itself in a somewhat uncertain position. While the European Commission’s upward revision of Eurozone growth for 2025, driven by US export demand anticipating tariffs, could offer some support, the subsequent slowdown predicted for 2026 raises concerns. ECB Vice President de Guindos’s comments on inflation convergence are reassuring, but his warnings about tariffs, sovereign debt, and market sentiment suggest potential volatility. The delayed US economic data adds another layer of complexity, as traders await clarity on Federal Reserve policy, ultimately impacting the relative attractiveness of the Euro against the Dollar.

    DOW JONES is positioned for a potentially positive trading day, indicated by futures contracts gaining nearly 60 points. This suggests a recovery from recent selling pressure. Positive earnings reports from companies like Lowe’s are contributing to the upward momentum, although Target’s less favorable results are having a dampening effect. Investors are also anticipating key earnings from other major companies today. The market’s focus will likely remain on Nvidia’s earnings report after the close, along with upcoming trade balance data and the Federal Open Market Committee meeting minutes, as these could provide further direction. Interest rate cut probabilities may also influence trading decisions.

    FTSE 100 experienced upward movement following a period of decline, primarily influenced by positive inflation data from the ONS. This data has fueled speculation regarding a potential interest rate reduction by the Bank of England in December, creating a generally positive environment for the index. Strong performance from individual companies, such as Sage’s share increase due to a buyback program, and gains in the precious metals and oil sectors, also contributed to the rise. While Jet2’s strong flight-only numbers and British Land’s profit beat added to the positive momentum, Ocado’s struggles with its Kroger partnership created a downward pressure that tempered the overall gains.

    GOLD is experiencing upward price pressure as investors turn to it as a safe-haven asset. The upcoming Federal Reserve meeting minutes and US jobs report are creating uncertainty in the market, prompting investors to seek the stability of gold. The expectation that the Fed may not ease monetary policy further, combined with concerns about high tech stock valuations and general equity market weakness, reinforces gold’s attractiveness and contributes to its price gains. Reduced expectations for a near-term rate cut also diminishes the appeal of alternative investments, further supporting demand for gold.

  • Dow Jones Futures Recover After Selloff – Wednesday, 19 November

    US stock futures showed signs of recovery on Wednesday, reversing earlier losses and trending upwards, indicating a potential pause in the recent market downturn. The Dow Jones futures experienced a notable increase, climbing nearly 60 points.

    • Dow Jones futures gained nearly 60 points.
    • US stock futures rebounded from early losses.
    • The rebound halted the sharp selloff seen in previous sessions.

    This suggests a possible period of stabilization for the Dow Jones after a period of negative performance. The rebound in futures trading could signal renewed investor confidence, potentially leading to further gains in the index as the trading day progresses. However, it is still important to monitor how the index performs when the market officially opens.

  • Asset Summary – Tuesday, 18 November

    Asset Summary – Tuesday, 18 November

    GBPUSD is under pressure as uncertainty surrounding the UK’s fiscal strategy intensifies. Reports suggesting a shift in income tax policy, despite improved economic forecasts, have fueled concerns about the government’s ability to manage its finances. While a December rate cut by the Bank of England is still anticipated, rising gilt yields further complicate the UK’s financial situation. This combination of fiscal uncertainty and upward pressure on yields is likely to continue weighing on the pound, making it vulnerable against the US dollar in the lead-up to the budget announcement.

    EURUSD is trading near $1.16, influenced by several factors. Comments from the ECB suggest a moderately positive outlook for the Eurozone economy, as inflation is expected to move towards the ECB’s target. However, potential risks such as tariffs, sovereign debt issues, and sudden market sentiment changes could create headwinds for the euro. Revised Eurozone growth forecasts present a mixed picture, with an improved outlook for 2025 driven by increased exports to the US, but a subsequent slowdown expected in 2026 before a gradual recovery. The delayed release of US economic data due to the government shutdown introduces uncertainty regarding the Federal Reserve’s policy decisions, potentially impacting the dollar’s strength and influencing the EURUSD exchange rate.

    DOW JONES is facing downward pressure, indicated by futures contracts trading lower, setting the stage for a potential fourth day of losses. Concerns over high valuations, particularly in AI and technology stocks, are contributing to a risk-off sentiment among traders. The performance of Nvidia, a significant player in the tech sector, following its earnings report tomorrow will likely influence market direction. Broader economic data, including the upcoming US jobs report, is also being closely monitored for signals about the Federal Reserve’s future interest rate policy. Negative earnings news from major companies like Home Depot, combined with rising jobless claims, further exacerbate the potential for a decline.

    FTSE 100 experienced a downturn, extending its losing streak and moving away from recent peak values. Declines in precious metals and diversified mining sectors significantly impacted performance, while the banking sector also exerted downward pressure. However, its relative strength compared to the Euro Stoxx 50 is attributed to a greater concentration of defensive stocks. Pharmaceutical giant AstraZeneca provided some positive momentum, as did the tobacco industry following a positive earnings report from Imperial Brands. Furthermore, ICG saw a substantial increase in value due to exceeding earnings expectations and the announcement of a planned investment by Amundi.

    GOLD is under pressure as the likelihood of a near-term US interest rate cut decreases. The absence of recent US economic data, coupled with cautious statements from Federal Reserve policymakers, has dampened market expectations for a December rate cut, causing a decline in gold prices. Investors are keenly focused on upcoming US economic reports, particularly the jobs report and the Fed’s meeting minutes, for further clues about the Fed’s monetary policy path. The reduced probability of a rate cut suggests a less favorable environment for gold, potentially leading to continued downward pressure on its price.

  • Dow Jones Set For Fourth Day of Declines – Tuesday, 18 November

    US stock futures indicated continued losses for the Dow Jones, suggesting a fourth consecutive session of declines. Investors showed a risk-off attitude, and economic data releases were being closely monitored.

    • Dow Jones futures were down around 0.3%.
    • This puts the Dow Jones on track for a fourth consecutive session of declines.

    The anticipated drop in the Dow Jones reflects broader market anxieties. Concerns over valuations, particularly in the tech sector, and the looming economic data releases contribute to investor uncertainty and potential negative impacts on the asset’s performance.

  • Asset Summary – Monday, 17 November

    Asset Summary – Monday, 17 November

    GBPUSD is under pressure as the market reacts to uncertainty surrounding the UK’s upcoming budget and fiscal policy. While improved economic forecasts have reduced the immediate fiscal shortfall, the government’s potential reliance on less direct tax measures, like threshold adjustments, is causing concern. This, coupled with ongoing debate within the cabinet and rising gilt yields, contributes to a cautious outlook for the pound. Although the market anticipates a possible interest rate cut by the Bank of England, the overall fiscal situation is weighing negatively on the currency’s value against the dollar.

    EURUSD appears to be in a holding pattern around the $1.16 level. The euro’s direction could be influenced by upcoming ECB communications regarding inflation and potential risks like tariffs and market volatility. While the European Commission’s revised growth forecast for the Eurozone, spurred by increased exports to the US, is a positive factor, the projected slowdown in growth beyond 2025 might temper bullish sentiment. Delayed US economic data creates uncertainty around Federal Reserve policy, further contributing to the current stability.

    DOW JONES’s outlook is neutral as indicated by flat futures trading. Investors are cautiously awaiting economic data releases and earnings reports from major companies to provide further direction. While positive sentiment is present in the S&P 500 and Nasdaq 100 futures, concerns persist regarding stretched valuations in the AI sector and the Federal Reserve’s potential interest rate decisions. The decreasing probability of a near-term rate cut by the Fed may weigh on market sentiment, offsetting any potential gains from strong earnings or economic data. The performance of companies such as Nvidia, Home Depot, Target, and Walmart this week will likely influence investor sentiment and trading activity.

    FTSE 100 experienced a largely uneventful trading day, stabilizing after previous declines. While the index remained relatively unchanged overall, certain sectors and individual stocks displayed notable movement. Gains in companies like WPP, buoyed by potential acquisition interest, alongside positive performance from 3i, SSE, and British American Tobacco, were countered by losses in Burberry and the mining sector, indicating a mixed market sentiment and sector-specific pressures influencing individual stock valuations within the index. The impact of fiscal policy adjustments from the previous week appeared to lessen, allowing for a more balanced trading environment.

    GOLD’s near-term direction is highly dependent on upcoming US economic data releases, particularly the non-farm payrolls report and the Federal Reserve’s meeting minutes. The market is closely watching these indicators for signals about the Fed’s future interest rate decisions. The prospect of continued high interest rates is weighing on gold, as it reduces the metal’s appeal as a non-yielding asset. However, strong underlying support remains, driven by central bank purchases and investor demand for safe-haven assets amid fiscal uncertainties and geopolitical instability. These factors suggest that while short-term volatility is expected, gold’s overall positive trend this year could continue.

  • Dow Futures Flat Amid Economic Data Anticipation – Monday, 17 November

    US stock futures are showing mixed signals as investors anticipate upcoming economic data releases and earnings reports. S&P 500 and Nasdaq 100 futures are up, while Dow futures are flat. Market sentiment is cautious due to concerns about AI valuations and uncertainty regarding the Federal Reserve’s interest rate policy.

    • Dow futures were flat.
    • Investors are awaiting delayed economic data, including the September jobs report.
    • Concerns persist about stretched AI valuations.
    • Market expectations for a Federal Reserve rate cut next month have decreased significantly.

    The flat performance of this asset suggests a degree of uncertainty. Investors may be hesitant to make significant moves until the delayed economic data is released and earnings from major companies are assessed. The changing expectations for Federal Reserve policy could also be contributing to this cautious stance, as interest rate decisions can have a significant impact on market valuations. The delayed economic data and the upcoming earnings results of major companies could provide a clearer indication of its short-term direction.